![]() In humans and most other vertebrates, testosterone is secreted primarily by the testicles of males and, to a lesser extent, the ovaries of females. It exerts its action through binding to and activation of the androgen receptor. ![]() It is biosynthesized in several steps from cholesterol and is converted in the liver to inactive metabolites. Testosterone is a steroid from the androstane class containing a ketone and a hydroxyl group at positions three and seventeen respectively. Insufficient levels of testosterone in men may lead to abnormalities including frailty and bone loss. In addition, testosterone in both sexes is involved in health and well-being, including moods, behaviour, and in the prevention of osteoporosis. In humans, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as testes and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair. ![]() Testosterone is the primary sex hormone and anabolic steroid in males.
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